Responses that Reduce Anger

 

Anger understandably occurs when a person of any age is overpowered.
Because young people have so many rules to learn, they are likely to be
overpowered many times a day. Thinking that children should accept your
decisions without comment will only make you frustrated and do little to
resolve the situation. Although it is natural for children to get angry with
parents, they do need to express their feelings in a productive way.
Understand that refusing to allow children to express any anger at all is just
as destructive as allowing them to vent it how ever they please.

UNDERSTAND AND FEED BACK FEELINGS

Labeling and feeding back feelings are the first steps in teaching children
how to express distress without acting out inappropriately.1 Making at least
three statements that rephrase, understand, validate, or encourage
children to express feelings can reduce anger. For example:

• You don’t like it when I correct you. I see you are really mad. You can
  stomp your foot (scream in this pillow, smash this can, draw a picture,
  give me a mean look) to show me how mad you are. I know it’s hard
  to have to learn so many rules.  I know you don’t like being on this
  restriction until your grades improve. It must tear your heart out not
  to get to talk to your friends every night. For a while, you may be very
  upset with me because I am holding firm.

• Postpone talking to children if you are too angry to listen and
  feedback feelings. Tell them, “I’m too upset for talking right now. We’ll
  discuss this as soon as we’ve both cooled down.” Anger can take
  many forms. You can use other responses in addition to the above,
  depending on the way hostility is being expressed:

Arguments: When children are angry, you may be tempted to explain why
their feelings are unjustified or to defend your actions. This is generally an
undesirable course of action because it provokes arguments and creates
power struggles. Even if children don’t get their way, they have reduced
you to their level. Remember that children often have difficulty
understanding consequences and rules. Therefore, the best thing to do is
to remain firm and avoid arguing by:

• Repeating your decision like a broken record when feeding back
  feelings does not end arguments—“Nevertheless . . .”

          “Regardless . . .” and walk away.

• Not expressing your point unless your child truly wants to understand
  it. State the feeling behind your reason. It is difficult to argue with
  emotions—“I worry when you go that far from the house.” Your child
  can disagree with you if you say “You’re too young to go that far.”

Temper tantrums and explosions: Even when you feed back children’s
feelings and refuse to argue, anger can escalate into a full-blown tantrum.
Several strategies can be used when this happens. Find the one that works
best for your child:

• Ignore the tantrum as though it is not happening or calmly watch
  without talking.

• Place the child in another room or leave the room yourself until the
  child can talk calmly.

• Join the tantrum. Lie down next to the child and mirror the outburst.

• Physically restrain a child who is hurting self or others or is being
  destructive. It helps to hold a small child’s hands or feet in such a
  way that he or she can push without hurting you.

• Call the authorities if older children hit. When children go to this
  extreme, they are asking for outside intervention.

• If children destroy anything, they can replace it or give up something
  of their own.

• Withhold privileges until the issue causing the tantrum has been
  calmly discussed.

Hitting or biting: When people are mad, their natural inclination is to strike
out. Very young children have not yet learned to contain this energy.
Toddlers who hit or bite can have their hands or mouths firmly held while
being told “Hitting (biting) hurts people.” Maintain this position until the
toddler clearly is upset and then let go to see if he or she can handle the
frustration without striking out. If not, repeat the procedure. Older children
who hit can be made to copy statutes on domestic violence.

Fighting: Anger often results from conflicts of interest with siblings. As soon
as your children’s bickering becomes annoying, separate them until they
are calm enough to follow the three steps for conflict resolution:

• Each child makes three statements beginning with, “I want . . .” “I feel
  . . .” “I want/feel because . . .”

• Each child reverses roles and accurately repeats or paraphrases
  what the other has said.

• Together, the children generate three possible solutions to the
  conflict and choose the best idea.

• Initially, children may need guidance, but eventually, they should be
  able to follow the steps independently. Keep a set of Conflict
  Resolutions Steps posted and simply tell them to go to the “conflict
  board” until they can reach an agreement. Reward both children
  when they reach an agreement.

Name-calling is often the forerunner of fights. Using reverse psychology
can markedly reduce this. Make a rule that anyone who gets called a name
or is hit without striking back receives a “victim’s compensation point” or
reward. These points can add up to earn snacks or prize money. This
creates an incentive for children to adopt a totally different viewpoint about
being called names. They can thank their adversaries for saying or doing
mean things that help them earn points. If the parent doesn’t hear or see
the conflict, a child can still earn points by telling the parent something that
he said to “thank” the one who tried to start the fight. To avoid tattling, the
child needs to report what he or she did to help, not what the other person
did to cause hurt.


References

Several books elaborate on skills that improve communication with children:
How to Talk So Kids Will Listen and Listen So Kids Will Talk by Adele Faber
and Elaine Mazlish (Avon, 1980). The Explosive Child by Ross Green
(HarperCollins, 1998) is especially important reading for parents whose
children have anger problems.        

Ideas in How to Handle Bullies, Teasers and Other Meanies by Kate Cohen-
Posey (Rainbow Books, 1995) help children deal with name-calling and
reduce fighting.